Overview
Succulents and cacti store water in their leaves, stems, or roots. This adaptation makes them extremely drought-tolerant and ideal for forgetful waterers. They need good light and well-draining soil above all else.
Light
Succulents need plenty of direct or very bright indirect light — 4–6 hours per day is ideal.
- Ideal: South or west-facing windowsill
- Signs of too little light: Etiolation (stretching toward the light, pale color)
- Signs of too much direct sun: Brown or crispy patches
Watering
The most important rule: when in doubt, don't water.
- Water deeply, then let the soil dry out completely before watering again
- In summer: every 1–2 weeks typically
- In winter: once a month or less — succulents go semi-dormant
- Always use pots with drainage holes
Soil
Use a cactus/succulent mix, or add 50% perlite or coarse sand to regular potting soil. Good drainage is essential — soggy roots will rot.
Temperature & Humidity
- Prefer temperatures between 60–80°F (15–27°C)
- Most dislike high humidity — good air circulation helps
Fertilizing
Feed once in spring with a diluted succulent fertilizer. No feeding needed in fall or winter.
Common Issues
| Problem | Likely Cause | |---------|-------------| | Mushy stem or leaves | Root rot from over-watering | | Wrinkled leaves | Under-watering (rare) | | Stretching toward window | Insufficient light | | White powdery coating | Mealybugs — treat with isopropyl alcohol |
Repotting
Repot in spring every 1–2 years. Handle cacti with thick gloves or rolled newspaper to protect your hands from spines.